Materials, components, assembly and performance of flexible polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: A review

With emerging demand of potable and wearable electronic devices, reliable flexible energy suppliers are inevitable. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) attract great attention due to high density sustainability. However, non-bendability limits their application in devices. To make PEMFCs adaptable flexible, considerable efforts have been devoted developing various bendable components or advanced techniques. This review, therefore, focuses on the advancement relative techniques PEMFCs, which determine performance durability, while achieved little concern other reviews. The include membrane, catalytic layer, gas diffusion bipolar plates, assembly single cell stack, store supply oxidant. In each section, materials commonly used conventional summarized firstly, followed by reasons why they aren't appliable then proceeding development relevant PEMFCs. Subsequently, PEMFCs' durability presented, reaching 100–200 mW cm?2 dozens hours, respectively, still far lower than those Finally, a brief perspective remaining challenges future provided.